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Jan Hus · 1413 · Treatise
Jan Hus wrote this treatise in 1413 as a direct response to Stanislaus of Znojmo, his former colleague at the University of Prague who had become one of his most prominent theological…
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Martin Luther · 1515–1516 · Commentary
Luther's Wittenberg lectures on Romans of 1515–16, rediscovered in manuscript around 1900, in which his teaching on justification takes shape.
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Martin Luther · 1517 · Treatise
Ninety-seven theses of September 1517, a month before the indulgence theses, attacking Aristotle's place in theology and the scholastic teaching on the will and grace.
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Martin Luther · 1519 · Treatise
In the closing weeks of 1519, Luther published three short German sermons on the sacraments, one each on penance, baptism, and the body of Christ. This treatise is the third of them.…
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Martin Luther · 1520 · Treatise
On the Papacy in Rome, against the Most Celebrated Romanist in Leipzig is a German polemical treatise Luther published in the summer of 1520, in the months between the Leipzig debate and…
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Martin Luther · 1521 · Treatise
Luther's 1521 answer, article by article, to the forty-one propositions condemned in the papal bull Exsurge Domine.
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Philip Melanchthon · 1531 · Treatise
The Apology of the Augsburg Confession stands as Philip Melanchthon's scholarly defense of Lutheran theology, written in response to the Roman Catholic Confutation that rejected the original Augsburg Confession presented to Emperor…
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Martin Luther · 1539 · Treatise
Luther's 1539 study of the early councils and of what makes the church — the 'seven marks' by which it is known.
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Martin Luther · 1545 · Other
Luther's 1545 preface to his collected Latin works, where he tells how he came to understand 'the righteousness of God' in Romans 1:17.
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Peter Martyr Vermigli · 1549 · Treatise
Peter Martyr Vermigli's treatise on the Eucharist emerged from the intense sacramental controversies of the mid-sixteenth century, when Reformed theologians were articulating their understanding of the Lord's Supper against both Roman Catholic…
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John Calvin · 1554 · Commentary
Calvin's Commentary on Genesis, published in 1554, represents his first major venture into biblical commentary writing and his systematic engagement with the foundational book of Scripture. Written during his mature period in…
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Nicholas Ridley · 1555 · Treatise
Nicholas Ridley wrote this treatise while imprisoned in the Tower of London, facing execution for his Protestant convictions under Queen Mary's Catholic restoration. The former Bishop of Rochester and London composed it…
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Commentary on Romans Most learned and fruitfull commentaries of Doctor Peter Martyr Vermilius upon the Epistle of S. Paul to the Romanes
Peter Martyr Vermigli · 1558 · Commentary
Peter Martyr Vermigli's commentary on Romans emerged from his lectures at Oxford University during his brief but influential tenure there from 1548 to 1553. Originally delivered as academic lectures to students and…
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Commentary on Romans In epistolam S. Pauli ad Romanos commentarii doctissimi
Peter Martyr Vermigli · 1558 · Commentary
Peter Martyr Vermigli's commentary on Paul's letter to the Romans emerged from his lectures delivered at the University of Oxford between 1550 and 1552, during his exile from Italy following his conversion…
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John Jewel · 1565 · Treatise
John Jewel's Reply unto M. Harding's Answer represents the second volley in one of the most significant theological exchanges of the early Elizabethan settlement. When Thomas Harding, Jewel's former colleague at Oxford…
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Caspar Olevianus · 1579 · Commentary
Caspar Olevianus's commentary on Romans emerged from the turbulent theological landscape of sixteenth-century Reformed Protestantism, written by one of the principal architects of the Heidelberg Catechism. Published in 1579, this systematic exposition…
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Luis de León · 1580 · Commentary
Luis de León's Latin commentary on the Song of Solomon emerged from his scholarly work as an Augustinian friar and professor of theology at the University of Salamanca during the Spanish Golden…
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Martin Chemnitz · 1591–1622 · Treatise
Martin Chemnitz's Loci Theologici stands as the most comprehensive systematic theology of early Lutheranism, written across three decades in response to the theological controversies that erupted after Luther's death in 1546. As…
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Jacobus Arminius · 1606–1608 · Commentary
Jacobus Arminius composed this detailed commentary on Romans during his tenure as professor of theology at Leiden University, working on it from 1606 until his death in 1609. The work emerged from…
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Amandus Polanus · 1607 · Book
Symphonia Catholica stands as Amandus Polanus's systematic demonstration that Reformed theology harmonizes with the authentic voice of the early church. Writing from his position as professor at Basel in 1607, Polanus constructed…
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Robert Bellarmine · 1611–1620 · Commentary
Robert Bellarmine's Explanatio in Psalmos represents the culmination of Counter-Reformation biblical scholarship applied to the book of Psalms. Written during the final decade of his life, this extensive commentary emerged from Bellarmine's…
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Francisco Suárez · 1619 · Treatise
Francisco Suárez's De Gratia stands as one of the most comprehensive and influential treatises on divine grace produced during the post-Tridentine period. Writing in the early seventeenth century amid ongoing theological controversies…
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John Wesley · 1749–1755 · Other
John Wesley's "A Christian Library" emerged from his conviction that ordinary Christians needed access to the finest spiritual writings across the centuries, stripped of denominational prejudice and sectarian controversy. Published in fifty…
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Nicholas Ridley · 1841 · Other
The Works of Nicholas Ridley preserves the theological writings, letters, and treatises of one of the most learned Protestant reformers in sixteenth-century England. Nicholas Ridley, Bishop of Rochester and later London, produced…
