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John Jewel · 1583 · Commentary
John Jewel's exposition on Paul's letters to the Thessalonians emerged from the urgent need to establish Reformed biblical interpretation within the newly Protestant Church of England. Writing as Bishop of Salisbury during…
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Luis de León · 1583–1585 · Treatise
Luis de León's The Names of Christ emerged from the theological ferment of sixteenth-century Spain, written during and after the author's imprisonment by the Spanish Inquisition from 1572 to 1576. De León,…
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Luis de León · 1583–1585 · Treatise
Written during Luis de León's imprisonment by the Spanish Inquisition from 1572 to 1576, this treatise emerged from the Augustinian friar's profound meditation on the person and nature of Christ while confined…
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Luis de León · 1583 · Treatise
La perfecta casada is a moral treatise on Christian marriage written by the Spanish Augustinian friar Luis de León in 1583. Composed during the height of the Counter-Reformation, the work emerged from…
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Zacharias Ursinus · 1584 · Treatise
Zacharias Ursinus composed this comprehensive systematic theology as the culmination of his career as professor of dogmatics at Heidelberg University. Published in 1584, the work emerged from decades of classroom lectures and…
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Zacharias Ursinus · 1584 · Commentary
Zacharias Ursinus wrote this detailed commentary on the Heidelberg Catechism in response to persistent requests from students and pastors who had witnessed his classroom lectures on the catechism at the theological school…
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John of the Cross · 1584–1591 · Other
For students of John's spiritual teaching: a short list of steps. There is no public-domain English translation; reachable here only in Spanish.
Original languageEasy or light
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John of the Cross · 1584–1591 · Other
For any reader wanting John in small doses: short sayings for daily reading, his most accessible prose.
Read hereFreeOriginal languageEasy or light
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Girolamo Zanchi · 1585 · Treatise
Girolamo Zanchi's De Religione Christiana Fides represents one of the most comprehensive systematic theologies produced by the second generation of Reformed theologians. Written during Zanchi's tenure at the Neustadt Academy in the…
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Caspar Olevianus · 1585 · Treatise
This treatise on the substance of God's gracious covenant with the elect emerged from Caspar Olevianus's role as a leading Reformed theologian in the Palatinate during the late sixteenth century. Writing in…
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John of the Cross · 1585 · Poem
For any reader: four short stanzas on the soul aflame with God, the poem behind the Living Flame.
FreeOriginal languageDemanding
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Robert Bellarmine · 1586–1593 · Treatise
The Disputations on the Controversies of the Christian Faith represents the most comprehensive Catholic response to Protestant theology produced in the sixteenth century. Written by the Jesuit cardinal Robert Bellarmine between 1586…
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Richard Hooker · 1586 · Sermon
Richard Hooker preached this sermon at the Temple Church in London in 1586, during a period when English Protestants were wrestling with questions of assurance and perseverance that had emerged from Reformation…
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Richard Hooker · 1586 · Sermon
Richard Hooker delivered this sermon at Paul's Cross in London during the religiously turbulent 1580s, when England's Protestant settlement faced challenges from both Puritan reformers demanding further changes and Catholic recusants questioning…
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John Knox · 1587 · Book
John Knox's History of the Reformation of Religion in Scotland stands as both historical chronicle and theological manifesto, written by the fiery Scottish reformer who lived through the tumultuous events he describes.…
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William Morgan; building on William Salesbury's NT · 1588 · Scripture
The William Morgan Bible was the first complete Bible in the Welsh language, and it proved crucial to the standardization and preservation of Welsh. Published in 1588, it offered a complete Bible…
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Franciscus Junius · 1588 · Treatise
Franciscus Junius composed this three-book treatise on biblical hermeneutics in 1588, addressing the urgent need for systematic principles of scriptural interpretation within the Reformed tradition. Writing in the aftermath of the Reformation's…
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Johannes Piscator · 1589 · Treatise
Johannes Piscator's Aphorismi doctrinae Christianae emerged from the pedagogical needs of Reformed theological education in the late sixteenth century. As a professor at the University of Herborn, Piscator recognized the necessity of…
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Francisco Suárez · 1590–1603 · Commentary
Francisco Suárez's Commentary and Disputations on the Third Part of Saint Thomas emerged from his teaching responsibilities at the universities of Alcalá and Coimbra during the late sixteenth century. Published across multiple…
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John Donne · 1590–1631 · Book
John Donne's poetry and prose emerged from the religious and intellectual ferment of late Renaissance England, spanning his transformation from ambitious courtier and rake to Anglican priest and dean of St. Paul's…
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William Perkins · 1590 · Treatise
William Perkins wrote The Foundation of Christian Religion in 1590 as a systematic introduction to Reformed theology for ordinary believers. Working as a preacher at Great St. Andrew's Church in Cambridge during…
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Francisco Suárez · 1590 · Treatise
Francisco Suárez's De Incarnatione stands as one of the most systematic and comprehensive treatments of the doctrine of the Incarnation produced during the Catholic Counter-Reformation. Written in 1590 as part of his…
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Luis de León · 1590 · Treatise
This Latin treatise by the Spanish Augustinian friar and scholar Fray Luis de León examines the theological relationship between the Passover lamb of the Old Testament and Christ's sacrificial death. Written during…
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John Donne · 1590–1617 · Poem
John Donne's Songs and Sonnets represents a revolutionary collection of love poetry written during his youth and early manhood, before his ordination to the Anglican priesthood. Composed primarily between 1590 and 1617,…
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