-
Anselm of Canterbury · 1107 · Treatise
Anselm's final theological treatise addresses one of Christianity's most enduring intellectual challenges: how to reconcile divine sovereignty with human freedom. Written in 1107-1108 near the end of his life, this work emerged…
-
Peter Abelard · 1130–1135 · Commentary
Peter Abelard's Expositio in Hexaemeron represents one of the most intellectually sophisticated biblical commentaries of the early twelfth century, applying his revolutionary dialectical method to the creation account in Genesis. Written during…
-
Gilbert of Poitiers · 1130–1150 · Commentary
Gilbert of Poitiers produced this systematic commentary on the Psalms during his tenure as chancellor of the cathedral school at Chartres and later as Bishop of Poitiers, writing between 1130 and 1150.…
-
William of St. Thierry · 1130 · Treatise
William of St. Thierry composed this treatise on the Eucharist around 1130, during a period of intense theological development in the early twelfth century. As abbot of the Benedictine monastery of St.…
-
Peter Lombard · 1135–1138 · Commentary
Peter Lombard's commentary on the Psalms emerged from the vibrant intellectual atmosphere of twelfth-century Paris, where he taught at the cathedral school of Notre-Dame before becoming bishop. Written between 1135 and 1138,…
Original language
-
William of St. Thierry · 1135–1145 · Other
The Meditative Prayers emerged from William of St. Thierry's mature period as abbot and spiritual director, written between 1135 and 1145 when he had withdrawn from active leadership to pursue contemplative life…
-
Peter Lombard · 1139–1141 · Commentary
Peter Lombard's Collectanea in Epistolas Pauli represents one of the most influential biblical commentaries of the twelfth century, composed between 1139 and 1141 during his early career as a master at the…
-
Gilbert of Poitiers · 1140–1154 · Treatise
Gilbert of Poitiers composed this theological treatise on the distinction between soul, spirit, and mind during his tenure as Bishop of Poitiers in the mid-twelfth century. Writing amid the intellectual ferment of…
-
Aelred of Rievaulx · 1160–1162 · Treatise
Aelred of Rievaulx composed this treatise on the solitary life for his sister, who had chosen to become an anchoress—a hermit sealed into a cell attached to a church for a life…
-
Alan of Lille · 1170–1180 · Treatise
Alan of Lille's Distinctiones Dictionum Theologicalium emerged from the intellectual ferment of twelfth-century scholasticism, when cathedral schools and early universities demanded systematic approaches to theological vocabulary. Writing between 1170 and 1180, Alan…
-
Stephen Langton · 1180–1200 · Commentary
Stephen Langton's commentary on Ecclesiasticus emerged from the vibrant intellectual climate of late twelfth-century Paris, where he served as a master in the cathedral schools before his tumultuous tenure as Archbishop of…
-
Stephen Langton · 1180–1200 · Commentary
Stephen Langton's Glossa super Isaiam represents one of the most significant biblical commentaries produced during the vibrant intellectual renaissance of late twelfth-century Paris. Written while Langton served as a master in the…
-
Alexander of Hales · 1220–1229 · Commentary
Alexander of Hales produced this extensive gloss on Peter Lombard's Four Books of Sentences during his years as master of theology at the University of Paris in the 1220s. The Sentences had…
-
Alexander of Hales · 1236–1245 · Treatise
Alexander of Hales produced the first great Summa of the scholastic age, a comprehensive theological synthesis that emerged from his teaching at the University of Paris in the 1230s and 1240s. As…
-
Bonaventure · 1260 · Treatise
The Soliloquium stands as Bonaventure's most intimate spiritual treatise, composed around 1260 during his tenure as Minister General of the Franciscan Order. Written in the tradition of Augustine's Soliloquies, this work takes…
-
Meister Eckhart · 1305–1313 · Treatise
A short vernacular treatise by the Dominican preacher and master of theology Meister Eckhart, written in Middle High German rather than the Latin of the schools, and transmitted in the manuscript tradition…
-
Meister Eckhart · 1311–1314 · Treatise
The Opus tripartitum represents Meister Eckhart's ambitious attempt to construct a comprehensive theological system during his mature period as a master at Paris and provincial of Saxony. Conceived between 1311 and 1314,…
-
Thomas Bradwardine · 1335 · Treatise
Thomas Bradwardine's "De futuris contingentibus" (On Future Contingents) is a sophisticated theological treatise addressing one of medieval scholasticism's most vexing problems: how to reconcile divine foreknowledge with human free will and the…
-
Anonymous (Theologia Germanica) · 1350–1400 · Treatise
The Theologia Germanica emerged from the Rhineland mystical tradition of the fourteenth century, written by an anonymous priest associated with the Friends of God, a loose network of mystics centered around figures…
-
John Wycliffe · 1375–1376 · Treatise
Written between 1375 and 1376, De Dominio Divino represents John Wycliffe's foundational treatise on divine lordship and the nature of legitimate authority. The work emerged from Wycliffe's growing conviction that the institutional…
-
John Wycliffe · 1376–1378 · Treatise
John Wycliffe's treatise on civil dominion emerged from the turbulent ecclesiastical politics of fourteenth-century England, written during his years as a master at Oxford when the papacy faced its greatest crisis of…
-
John Wycliffe · 1378 · Treatise
John Wycliffe's treatise On the Church emerged from the tumultuous ecclesiastical politics of fourteenth-century England, written in 1378 during the Western Schism when rival papal claimants divided Christendom. As master of Balliol…
-
Walter Hilton · 1385 · Treatise
Walter Hilton's Eight Chapters on Perfection stands as one of the most systematic treatments of the contemplative life produced in fourteenth-century England. Written originally in Latin around 1385, this treatise emerged from…
-
Jan Hus · 1412 · Treatise
Jan Hus wrote this treatise on indulgences in 1412, at the height of tensions between reformers and the papal hierarchy that would culminate in the Council of Constance. The work emerged from…
