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Martin Luther · 1522–1544 · Sermon
For preachers and devotional readers: Luther's model sermons on the Sunday Epistles and Gospels, written for pastors to read aloud. Take one sermon at a time.
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Martin Luther · 1522 · Scripture
Readers of German, and anyone studying the Reformation, the history of Bible translation or the making of the German language.
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Huldrych Zwingli · 1522 · Treatise
Zwingli's treatise emerged from the early turbulence of the Swiss Reformation, written as he defended his preaching ministry in Zurich against accusations of innovation and heresy. Church authorities challenged his practice of…
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Martin Luther · 1522 · Treatise
For anyone about to read Romans, or wanting Luther's gospel in one sitting: what law, sin, grace, faith and flesh mean in Paul. The preface John Wesley heard read at Aldersgate.
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Martin Luther · 1522 · Treatise
This short treatise, published in German in 1522 under the title Von Menschenlehre zu meiden, belongs to the year Luther came down from the Wartburg to a Wittenberg in turmoil. The quarrel…
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Martin Luther · 1522 · Sermon
For readers interested in how reform should proceed: eight sermons Luther preached on his return from the Wartburg, calming a city that had changed too fast. Short, pastoral and timely.
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Ignatius of Loyola · 1522–1548 · Treatise
The Spiritual Exercises emerged from Ignatius of Loyola's own profound conversion experience following a leg wound suffered during the 1521 siege of Pamplona. During his lengthy convalescence, this former soldier underwent a…
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Martin Luther · 1523 · Treatise
Luther's 1523 Latin order of service for Wittenberg, keeping the Mass but removing what spoke of it as a sacrifice.
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Martin Luther · 1523–1545 · Poem
For singers and anyone who loves 'A Mighty Fortress': Luther's three dozen hymns, the start of congregational singing in German. Read them aloud, or sing them.
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Huldrych Zwingli · 1523 · Sermon
Zwingli delivered this sermon on June 29, 1523, at a critical moment in Zurich's Reformation when the city council was wrestling with how to implement religious reform while maintaining civic order. The…
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Huldrych Zwingli · 1523 · Treatise
Huldrych Zwingli's treatise on the Canon of the Mass emerged from the heated liturgical controversies of the early Reformation in Zurich. Written in 1523, the work responds to both conservative Catholic defenders…
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Thomas More · 1523 · Treatise
Thomas More's Responsio ad Lutherum stands as one of the most sustained and personal Catholic responses to Martin Luther's early reformist writings. Published in 1523 under the pseudonym "Gulielmus Rosseus," this Latin…
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Martin Luther · 1523 · Treatise
Luther's 1523 account of the two kingdoms: what rulers may command, where their power over souls ends, and how a Christian prince should rule.
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Huldrych Zwingli · 1523 · Treatise
The Sixty-Seven Articles emerged from Huldrych Zwingli's participation in the First Zurich Disputation of January 1523, a public theological debate called by the Zurich city council to address growing religious controversy in…
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Martin Luther · 1523 · Treatise
Luther's 1523 tract answering the charge that he denied the virgin birth, and arguing that Jews should be treated kindly and won by Scripture.
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Martin Luther · 1523–1524 · Commentary
For Bible readers who want Luther as a preacher: plain sermons through 1 and 2 Peter and Jude on faith, suffering and Christian life. Easier than his lectures.
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Martin Luther · 1523 · Letter
Luther's 1523 open letter urging the knights of the Teutonic Order to leave their vows and marry.
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Ignatius of Loyola · 1524–1556 · Letter
The letters of Ignatius of Loyola represent three decades of correspondence from the founder of the Society of Jesus as he guided a rapidly expanding religious order and countless individuals in spiritual…
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On Free Will De libero arbitrio diatribe
Desiderius Erasmus · 1524 · Treatise
Erasmus composed this careful theological treatise in 1524 as a measured response to Martin Luther's increasingly radical positions on human agency and divine grace. Writing as a Catholic humanist committed to scholarly…
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Martin Luther · 1524 · Letter
Luther's 1524 appeal to the town councils to found and pay for schools for boys and girls, and libraries, for the sake of the church and the town.
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Martin Luther · 1525 · Treatise
Luther's April 1525 reply to the peasants' Twelve Articles, rebuking the lords for their oppression and the peasants for taking up arms.
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Martin Luther · 1525 · Treatise
Luther's 1525 answer to Andreas Karlstadt on images, the Lord's Supper and the pace of reform.
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Martin Luther · 1525 · Treatise
A pamphlet of May 1525 calling on the princes to put down the rebelling peasants by force, published as the Peasants' War was being suppressed. Luther defended it that July in an open letter.
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Martin Luther · 1525 · Letter
Luther's July 1525 open letter defending his pamphlet against the rebelling peasants, written to Caspar Müller of Mansfeld.
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