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Martin Luther · 1523 · Treatise
Luther's 1523 Latin order of service for Wittenberg, keeping the Mass but removing what spoke of it as a sacrifice.
Original languageDemanding
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Martin Luther · 1523–1545 · Poem
For singers and anyone who loves 'A Mighty Fortress': Luther's three dozen hymns, the start of congregational singing in German. Read them aloud, or sing them.
FreeOriginal languageEasy or light
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Huldrych Zwingli · 1523 · Sermon
Zwingli delivered this sermon on June 29, 1523, at a critical moment in Zurich's Reformation when the city council was wrestling with how to implement religious reform while maintaining civic order. The…
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Huldrych Zwingli · 1523 · Treatise
Huldrych Zwingli's treatise on the Canon of the Mass emerged from the heated liturgical controversies of the early Reformation in Zurich. Written in 1523, the work responds to both conservative Catholic defenders…
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Thomas More · 1523 · Treatise
Thomas More's Responsio ad Lutherum stands as one of the most sustained and personal Catholic responses to Martin Luther's early reformist writings. Published in 1523 under the pseudonym "Gulielmus Rosseus," this Latin…
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Martin Luther · 1523 · Treatise
Luther's 1523 account of the two kingdoms: what rulers may command, where their power over souls ends, and how a Christian prince should rule.
Read hereFreeOriginal languageDemanding
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Huldrych Zwingli · 1523 · Treatise
The Sixty-Seven Articles emerged from Huldrych Zwingli's participation in the First Zurich Disputation of January 1523, a public theological debate called by the Zurich city council to address growing religious controversy in…
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Martin Luther · 1523 · Treatise
Luther's 1523 tract answering the charge that he denied the virgin birth, and arguing that Jews should be treated kindly and won by Scripture.
Original languageModerate
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Martin Luther · 1523–1524 · Commentary
For Bible readers who want Luther as a preacher: plain sermons through 1 and 2 Peter and Jude on faith, suffering and Christian life. Easier than his lectures.
Read hereFreeOriginal languageModerate
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Martin Luther · 1523 · Letter
Luther's 1523 open letter urging the knights of the Teutonic Order to leave their vows and marry.
Read hereFreeOriginal languageModerate
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Ignatius of Loyola · 1524–1556 · Letter
The letters of Ignatius of Loyola represent three decades of correspondence from the founder of the Society of Jesus as he guided a rapidly expanding religious order and countless individuals in spiritual…
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On Free Will De libero arbitrio diatribe
Desiderius Erasmus · 1524 · Treatise
Erasmus composed this careful theological treatise in 1524 as a measured response to Martin Luther's increasingly radical positions on human agency and divine grace. Writing as a Catholic humanist committed to scholarly…
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Martin Luther · 1524 · Letter
Luther's 1524 appeal to the town councils to found and pay for schools for boys and girls, and libraries, for the sake of the church and the town.
FreeModerate
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Martin Luther · 1525 · Treatise
Luther's April 1525 reply to the peasants' Twelve Articles, rebuking the lords for their oppression and the peasants for taking up arms.
Original languageModerate
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Martin Luther · 1525 · Treatise
Luther's 1525 answer to Andreas Karlstadt on images, the Lord's Supper and the pace of reform.
Original languageDemanding
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Martin Luther · 1525 · Treatise
A pamphlet of May 1525 calling on the princes to put down the rebelling peasants by force, published as the Peasants' War was being suppressed. Luther defended it that July in an open letter.
Original languageModerate
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Martin Luther · 1525 · Letter
Luther's July 1525 open letter defending his pamphlet against the rebelling peasants, written to Caspar Müller of Mansfeld.
Original languageModerate
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Martin Luther · 1525 · Book
For serious readers: Luther's reply to Erasmus on whether the will is free before God, the book he called his best. Hard, combative and long; read the Freedom of a Christian first.
Read hereFreeOriginal languageHard
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Huldrych Zwingli · 1525 · Treatise
Zwingli's Commentary on True and False Religion emerged in 1525 as a comprehensive defense of Reformed theology against both Catholic doctrine and emerging Anabaptist positions. Written during the height of the Swiss…
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William Tyndale · 1525–1535 · Book
William Tyndale's English New Testament emerged from his conviction that ordinary Christians should read Scripture in their native tongue rather than depend on clerical interpretation of the Latin Vulgate. Working in exile…
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Huldrych Zwingli · 1525 · Treatise
Zwingli's "On Baptism" emerged from the heated sacramental controversies that fractured the early Reformed movement in Zurich. Written in 1525 as the Anabaptist movement gained momentum, this treatise responded directly to the…
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William Tyndale · 1525 · Treatise
William Tyndale's "A Pathway into the Holy Scripture" stands as one of the earliest English treatises on biblical interpretation, written in 1525 as a preface to his translation of the New Testament.…
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Tyndale Bible Tyndale New Testament and Old Testament Portions
William Tyndale · 1525 · Scripture
William Tyndale's translation stands as a foundational source for the later English Bible, and much of his wording survives in the King James Version and beyond. In scope it comprises the complete…
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Huldrych Zwingli · 1526 · Treatise
Zwingli's treatise on the Lord's Supper emerged from the heated sacramental controversies that divided the Protestant Reformation in the 1520s. Written in 1526, this work represents the Zurich reformer's mature position against…
